Add transport protocol definition

src/py_dvt_ate/instruments/transport/__init__.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Provides connection abstractions for different backends:
 - PyVISA (for real instruments)
 """
 
+from py_dvt_ate.instruments.transport.base import Transport
 from py_dvt_ate.instruments.transport.server import InstrumentServer, SCPIDevice
 
-__all__ = ["InstrumentServer", "SCPIDevice"]
+__all__ = ["Transport", "InstrumentServer", "SCPIDevice"]

src/py_dvt_ate/instruments/transport/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""Base transport protocol for instrument communication."""
+
+from typing import Protocol
+
+
+class Transport(Protocol):
+    """Abstract transport interface for instrument communication.
+
+    This protocol defines the interface that all transport implementations
+    (TCP, VISA, etc.) must satisfy. It provides basic connection management
+    and communication primitives for SCPI-based instruments.
+    """
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        """Establish connection to instrument.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionError: If connection fails.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def disconnect(self) -> None:
+        """Close connection to instrument.
+
+        Should be idempotent - safe to call multiple times.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def write(self, command: str) -> None:
+        """Send command to instrument.
+
+        Args:
+            command: SCPI command string to send (without terminator).
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionError: If not connected.
+            IOError: If write fails.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def read(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> str:
+        """Read response from instrument.
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: Read timeout in seconds. None uses default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Response string from instrument (without terminator).
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionError: If not connected.
+            TimeoutError: If read times out.
+            IOError: If read fails.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def query(self, command: str, timeout: float | None = None) -> str:
+        """Send command and read response.
+
+        Convenience method combining write() and read().
+
+        Args:
+            command: SCPI command string to send.
+            timeout: Read timeout in seconds. None uses default.
+
+        Returns:
+            Response string from instrument.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionError: If not connected.
+            TimeoutError: If read times out.
+            IOError: If communication fails.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if connection is active.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if connected, False otherwise.
+        """
+        ...